UMAMI THE
FIFTH TASTE
In 1908, the UMAMI
taste was first identified
as one of the five basic tastes by Kikunae Ikeda of the Tokyo Imperial
University while researching the strong flavour in seaweed broth. Ikeda
isolated the amino acid, glutamic acid, as the chemical responsible. However,
instead of exploring UMAMI in its natural forms, Ikeda synthesised glutamic
acid as monosodium glutamate, or MSG, and with the help of the Ajinomoto
company, Ikeda began commercial distribution of MSG products.
The action of the body’s UMAMI receptors
explains why foods treated with monosodium glutamate (MSG) may often taste "heartier".
But it’s just a trick of the taste, because the glutamate amino acid never naturally exists
alone in food (as in MSG powder isolate), but rather always within
a supportive chain of 18-20 different amino acids!
Why do people eat so many potato and corn
chips?
I would suggest that it is due to the
fake taste drug, the MSG used in the chip production. It’s artificially
more-ish.
Happily though, we can enjoy this UMAMI
sensation without the use of MSG.
UMAMI is one of the five basic
tastes sensed by specialized receptor cells present on the human
tongue. The same taste is also known as xiānwèi (traditional Chinese: 鮮味;
simplified Chinese: 鲜味)
in Chinese cooking.
UMAMI is a Japanese word meaning savoury,
or “yummy”, a "deliciousness" factor deriving specifically from
the taste sensation only certain foods exude. The key factor is the presence
of the protein, or amino acid, glutamic acid, in the base food.
During the food’s processing, be it via
cooking, fermentation or cheese-making, etc, specific reactions involving
the natural glutamic acid magically creates the UMAMI taste, which is commonly
found in certain meats, seafoods, cheeses, broth, stock and other protein-heavy
foods.
In as much as it describes the flavour common
to savoury products such as meat, cheese and mushrooms, etc, UMAMI is similar
to Brillat-Savarin's concept of osmazome, an early attempt
to describe the main flavouring component of meat as extracted in the process
of making stock.
Naturally-occurring glutamate has
a long history in cooking: It appears in foods such as soy sauce and fish
sauce, kombu, seaweed, katsuobush/dried bonito flakes, niboshi/small dried
sardines, mackerel, tuna, cod, prawns, squid, oysters, shellfish, beef,
pork, chicken, tomatoes, shiitake mushrooms, enokitake mushrooms, truffles,
potatoes, sweet potatoes, Chinese cabbage, carrots, green tea, parmesan
and blue-vein cheeses, anchovies, and now, it seems, in 2die4 activated
nuts and seeds. |